terça-feira, 24 de setembro de 2019

Charlie Chaplin

Uma breve história sobre um dos nomes mais conceituados na história do Cinema. 




CHARLIE CHAPLIN


Charlie Chaplin was one of the famous stars in the history of the cinema. He was certainly the most famous comic actor of the cinema. His first films were in the age of silent movies. He wrote and directed nearly all of his films and composed the music of all his sound pictures.
Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in 1889 in London. His family was poor and he had a hard childhood. In 1890 he left Britain for the USA, in 1914 he made his first film. In his films he created the character of a little man who always faced life with courage.
Chaplin was married four times, he had four kids. In 1952 he left the USA with his family and lived in Switzerland until his death.





Questions: 


1. Who was Charlie Chaplin?
2. What kind of actor was he?
3. Did he write and direct all his films?
4. Who composed the music of all his sound pictures?
5. When was he born?
6. Where was he born?
7. Was Charlie Chaplin’s family rich?
8. What was his childhood like?
9. Did he leave England for the USA in 1914?
10. How many times was he married?
11. Did he have three kids?
12. When did he leave the USA?
13. Where did he die?



Resultado de imagem para charlie chaplin


Respostas



1 - Charlie Chaplin was one of the famous stars in the history of the cinema.
2 - He was a comic actor.
3 - No, he wrote and directed not all but almost all of his films.
4 - Yes, he composed the music of all his sound pictures.
5 - He was born in 1889.
6 - He was born in London.
7 - No, his family was poor.
8 - His childhood was hard.
9 - No, he left Britain for the USA in 1890.
10 - He was married four times.
11 - No, he had four children.
12 - He left the USA in 1952.
13 - He died in Switzerl

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quarta-feira, 11 de setembro de 2019

Christmas Tree

Em um post anterior, contamos como surgiu a lenda do Papai Noel (Santa Claus) e se incorporou em nossas tradições natalinas. Nesse aqui, vamos descobrir a história de como o pinheiro se juntou à tradição natalina.



Christmas Tree

The evergreen fir tree has traditionally been used to celebrate winter festivals (pagan and Christian) for thousands of years. Pagans used branches of it to decorate their homes during the winter solstice, as it made them think of the spring to come. The Romans used Fir Trees to decorate their temples at the festival of Saturnalia. Christians use it as a sign of everlasting life with God.

The first documented use of a tree at Christmas and New Year celebrations is argued between the cities of Tallinn in Estonia and Riga in Latvia! Both claim that they had the first trees; Tallinn in 1441 and Riga in 1510. Both trees were put up by the 'Brotherhood of Blackheads' which was an association of local unmarried merchants, ship owners, and foreigners in Livonia (what is now Estonia and Latvia). The facts that Riga's town square is a bit older than Tallinn's, and served as a stopover site for pilgrims, seem to point to the city as the probable site of the first Christmas tree.

There is not very much information available about the first Christmas trees. Sources agree that they were attended by men in black hats and burned at the end of the ceremony; the burning of the Yule log dates back to pagan times in Scandanavia. The log was actually an entire tree that was brought into the house. The largest end was placed in the fireplace, and a fire was started with the remains of the previous year's log. Christians later adopted the practice, and the log was burned during the Twelve Days of Christmas. As this tradition spread throughout Europe, different types of wood became traditionally used in different regions. For example, in England the log was oak, while in Scotland, birch was used.

Because the majority of medieval people were unable to read the Bible, they had to learn its teachings in creative ways. Sacred stories were performed as plays. At first the plays were performed by the clergy in Latin in the church; later it became common for lay people to perform using the vernacular. The plays were very popular, so they were moved to the marketplace to accommodate a large audience, and were called mystery plays because they told the stories of unusual events from the Bible. It is possible that the tradition of the Christmas tree was taken from the use of the Paradise Tree used during mystery plays that were performed on Christmas Eve, which was considered Adam and Eve's Day. The Paradise Tree represented the Garden of Eden. Incidentally, during medieval times there were three types of plays: a mystery play, a miracle play, which was associated with miracles performed by Jesus and the saints, and a morality play, which was to teach moral instruction.

Saint Boniface of England was preaching among the pagan Getmans when he came across the preparations for a human sacrifice. Angry and wishing to stop the sacrifice, he cut down the oak tree. When a fir tree sprang up for its roots, Saint Boniface took it as a sign of the Christian faith. Using candles, he and his followers decorated the tree so that he could preach at night. Another story tells that Boniface was cutting down the Donar Oak or Jupiter's Oak when a wind came and blew the tree down. The pagans were amazed that Jupiter did not strike Boniface down, and immediately converted. Were these stories told to show that Boniface rooted out paganism? He is the patron saint of Germania, and is called the "Apostle of the Germans".

Many sources state that the first Christmas trees brought into the home were decorated with edible treats, such as apples, nuts, and gingerbread. In addition paper roses and candles were used. Eventually glass ornaments were also made. Tinsel, which was hammered from thin pieces of silver, was also invented in Germany. Written in 1605, one German source describes, "At Christmas they set up fir trees in the parlours of Strasbourg and hang thereon roses cut out of many-coloured paper, apples, wafers, gold foil, sweets, etc." 
The tops of the first Christmas trees were usually decorated with a likeness of the Baby Jesus. Later on, stars, which represented the Star of Bethlehem, and angels, representing the angels telling the shepherds of Christ's birth, were used.

The first person to bring a Christmas Tree into a house, in the way we know it today, may have been the 16th century German preacher Martin Luther. A story is told that, one night before Christmas, he was walking through the forest and looked up to see the stars shining through the tree branches. It was so beautiful, that he went home and told his children that it reminded him of Jesus, who left the stars of heaven to come to earth at Christmas. Some people say this is the same tree as the 'Riga' tree, but it isn't! The Riga tree originally took place a few decades earlier. 

Actually the use of evergreen boughs as a special symbol is a long-celebrated tradition. 


Imagem relacionada
Questions
1. Where is the first documented evidence of the use of a Christmas tree?

a) London, England
b) Riga, Latvia
c)Warsaw, Poland
d) Berlin, Germany


2. Some people believe that the first Christmas trees were burned after being decorated. This is reminiscent of what Christmas tradition?

a) Advent Wreath
b) Candy Cane
c) The Christmas Pickle
d) Yule Log


3. The first Christmas tree might have been derived from the use of the "Tree of Paradise" in medieval plays. What were these plays called, that frequently taught stories from the Bible?

a) Morality Play
b) Tragic Play
c) Mystery Play
d) Romance

4. There is a legend that an early Christian missionary working among German pagans cut down an oak tree after he found them preparing a human sacrifice there. A new fir tree immediately sprang from the roots of the oak tree. Who was this saint?

a) Saint Jude
b) Saint Nicholas
c) Saint Boniface
d) Saint Christopher


5. Which great religious reformer is given credit for being the first to bring the Christmas tree inside his home?

a) John Calvin
b) Martin Luther
c) John Knox
d) Henry VIII


6. How were the first Christmas trees traditionally decorated once they were brought into the home?

a) Glass Ornaments
b) Gingerbread
c) Silver Tinsel
d) Popcorn Garlands

7. Which type of ornament most likely was placed at the top of the first Christmas trees placed inside the home?

a) Flowers
b) Christ Child
c) Pine Cones
d) Red Bows

08. The use of the evergreen tree to decorate for holiday celebrations existed prior to the introduction of Christianity.

a) True
b) False



Respostas:
1- Riga, Latvia
2 - Yule Log
3 - Mystery Play
4 - Saint Boniface

5 - Martin Luther
6 - ginger bread
7 - Christ Child
8 - False

Gostaram das lendas sobre a tradicional "Árvore de Natal"?
Deixe seu comentário e, aproveitando, compartilhe com seus amigos !

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terça-feira, 3 de setembro de 2019

Santa Claus

"It's Christmas time, and there's no need to be afraid
At Christmas time, we let in light and banish shade
And in our world of plenty, we can spread a smile of joy
Throw your arms around the world
At Christmas time..."


Antes de começarmos a festejar o Natal, fica a pergunta, você já se questionou as origens de um dos maiores ícones do Natal, o Papai Noel?




When I was a young boy, I knew exactly who Santa Claus was. He was a fat, friendly, old man with a long, white beard that visited my home once a year to put lots and lots of toys under the Christmas tree. He came only if my sister and I had been good – and only if we were asleep. Then, early the next morning, after we woke up, we ran downstairs to open all our gifts (I never understood why my parents always seemed so tired on Christmas morning). As I got older, however, I stopped believing in Santa Claus. Many years later, I asked myself the question, “Who is Santa Claus … really?” 


Santa Claus, also known as Saint Nicholas, Father Christmas, Kris Kringle, or simply  "Santa", is a figure which was derived from the Dutch figure of Sinterklaas, a historical, legendary and mythological figure who in many Western cultures, is said to bring gifts to the homes of the good children during the late evening and overnight hours of Christmas Eve, December 24 or on his Feast Day, December 6 (Saint Nicholas Day).The legend is based on the tales concerning the historical figure of gift giver Saint Nicholas. 


While Saint Nicholas was originally portrayed wearing bishop's robes, today Santa Claus is generally depicted as a plump, jolly, white-bearded man wearing a red coat with white collar and cuffs, white-cuffed red trousers, and black leather belt and boots (images of him rarely have a beard with no mustache). This image became popular in the United States and Canada in the 19th century due to the significant influence of caricaturist and political cartoonist Thomas Nast. This image has been maintained and reinforced through song, radio, television, and films. In the United Kingdom and Europe, he is often depicted in a manner identical to the American Santa Claus, but he is commonly called Father Christmas.


Saint Nicholas died a very long time ago but I like to believe that the real “Santa Claus” lives in all of us. He is the goodness and love in our hearts that reminds us that true happiness comes from giving to other people.




Answer these questions



1. The article is about getting lots of toys for Christmas. 

(a) TRUE 
(b) FALSE 
(c) It doesn’t say. 

2. What did the man do when he was a boy? 

(a) He put lots of toys under a Christmas tree. 
(b) He slept a lot at Christmas. 
(c) He opened his gifts on Christmas morning. 

3. When did the man stop believing in Santa Claus? 

(a) when he was a boy 
(b) when his sister told him that Santa Claus was not real 
(c) when he grew up 

4. Why was Saint Nicholas famous? 

(a) He helped many people. 
(b) He believed in Santa Claus. 
(c) He lived in Turkey. 

5. What does the word ‘he’ refer to? 

(a) Turkey 
(b) Saint Nicholas 
(c) poor people

6. What does the word ‘tradition’ mean? 

(a) how to remember things 
(b) a way of doing something 
(c) giving things to people 

7. Who is Kris Kringle? 

(a) a modern man 
(b) Santa Claus 
(c) It doesn’t say. 

8. When did Saint Nicholas die? 

(a) about 1,700 years ago 
(b) about a thousand years ago 
(c) about two hundred years ago

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Respostas


1. B, 2. C, 3. C, 4. A ,5. B, 6. B, 7. B, 8. A 

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                                                             bye bye!